Formation of universal project skills by means of teaching physics on the example of educational physics tasks

The main aim of this work is the justification and an example of the use of techniques for the formation of universal project skills in teaching physics. The work reflects the results of a study on the formation of universal project skills in the teaching of physics. The presented method is implemented in teaching junior students at Tomsk Polytechnic University and Tomsk State University. The author proposes a unique methodology for the formation of these skills through the medium of creation and implementation of a project based on the educational task in physics. In addition to the formation of generalized project skills, this technique can significantly expand the ways of using educational tasks in teaching physics. For this purpose, a methodology was developed for the formation of universal project skills. This methodology is based on the most important psychological and pedagogical methods and approaches, which are presented in the article. Theoretical and practical methods were used in the study. Different types of tasks were systematized in this work. In addition, the possibility of their use for forming universal project skills was considered in detail. The stages of the solution of educational tasks in physics are described and compared with the main steps of the project activity. This article also discusses a number of skills that are formed at each stage of creating and implementing a project based on the educational task in physics. These skills correspond to the project skills necessary for the implementation of project activities. An example of increasing the project potential of the educational tasks of the section "Mechanical Oscillations and Waves" in physics is given. The methodological recommendations on the organization of educational activities are presented and questions recommended for use in the educational process are listed. Also, the work shows the phased implementation of the project based on the proposed task. As a result of the work, the expediency of forming universal project skills in the teaching of physics was established. The work shows the need to develop skills that can be transferred to different types of activity - invariance to the educational direction. A new function of educational tasks in physics is shown: their use for the organization of project activity in order to form universal project skills.

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