The Tomsk chronotope of Kamchatka expeditions

The aim of the research is to identify the possibility of studying the history of Tomsk and the impact of the Second Kamchatka Expedition on its historical and cultural environment using the concepts of the city's chronotope and reproduction of research processes. The sources are represented by archival materials of the 18th century about the location of the Second Kamchatka Expedition 115 in Tomsk and the attempt to resume its work in 1753-1763, by theoretical works on the city's chronotope as a relevant field of urban studies, and by materials on modeling the routes of the Kamchatka expeditions in the 19th-21st centuries. The article attempts to effectively use the strategy of studying the main stages of the history of Russia, Russian science, the essence of the city as a historical and cultural institution, to identify the impact of various events on the city, the concept of the chronotope, in which the space and time coordinates of urban life are structured. Based on the generalization of theoretical works on the essence of the chronotope, its relevance and importance is emphasized in the study of the cultural significance of Tomsk in historical development, in the recurring and reconstructed events of the city space as a result of the work of members of the Second Kamchatka Expedition and during the resumption of its activities in the form of the Nerchinsk Project 1753-1765, which resulted in the accumulation of a huge volume of scientific materials (geodetic descriptions, ship diaries, maps, documents of management and record keeping, data on schools for training specialists for the needs of the expedition). In the 19th-21st centuries, projects of the reproduction of research processes of the Kamchatka expeditions were organized. Part of the routes of the reconstructors not only passed through Tomsk, but also included participants from this city. They actively participated in the reproduction of research processes of the past on the basis of a chosen theoretical model, searched for material remains, specified the data and introduced them into scientific discourse. As a result of the cultural impact of the Second Kamchatka Expedition on Tomsk and its inhabitants, regional features of the space and time structure of the urban environment have been explored under the conditions of the changing historical epochs. It is shown that Tomsk, located in the center of Russia and Siberia, is a special chronotopical focus of time lines, historical, geographical, landscape, cultural, scientific components that actively absorbs the phenomena of the past. Expeditions of the 18th century formed the special historical and cultural environment of Tomsk which helps to increase the historical knowledge of people, their involvement in world history and culture. In the 19th-21st centuries, interest in the Kamchatka expeditions is manifested in the form of the reproduction of research processes that help reconstruct the stages of the history of our homeland, our region and the urban space, which shows the greatness of Russia, capable of organizing such scientific projects of world significance.

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