Ethical Reflection in a Lyric Poem

The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of poetic texts with ethical lyric-philosophical metatext. Lyric-philosophical metatext forms part of poems as a complex of elements of thematic, motive and composition levels; it can be presented by a text or a fragment of a text with a set of typical features relating to different levels. On the thematic level, it includes minimal themes of the poem and their complexes expressed by lexemes - philosophical categories and concepts referring to lexical-semantic fields "existential" (being, existing, life, death etc.); "time" (eternity, years, days, hour, minute, moment etc.); "gnoseology" (learning, thinking, education, mind, consciousness etc.) and others. On the composition level, if a poem consists of two or more notional units, lyric-philosophical metatext is formed within the frames of life lyrical situations - notional units containing the above mentioned themes. Ethical ideas are one of the world outlook aspects of poetry. The theme of moral postulates is also traditional for Russian lyrics. The peculiarities of the poetics of the poems with ethical lyric-philosophical metatext were formed historically. In a lyric situation containing moral attitudes, it is possible to find points of intersection with one of the existing philosophical systems with a stronger existential aspect: attention is fixed on the repetitive, the eternal, the universal. Poems with ethical lyric-philosophical me-tatext include a number of subparadigms among which are defining poems that reveal the essence of some ethical category, and poems with a credo situation. The latter may be presented by the poem as a whole or by its composition part. The ethical position of the subject of generalization, peculiar to lyric-philosophical metatext, is defamiliarized by enumerations of philosophical concepts, methods of personification, allegory, and an open ending. A poetic credo has a number of specific features: the declarative title of the poem; the active position of the subject expressed in a willingness to act in a certain way and a call on others to act the same way; motives of self-presentation; the technique of enumeration of moral imperatives. Credo always contains a declaration of ethical attitudes - actions which the subject believes to be correct or incorrect. But the addressees of moral requirements can be different: it is either an open, unlimited audience, or the subject makes demands on oneself in autocommunication, or addresses them to a specific group of people, a specific person. Credo in the form of a dialogue also exist. The addressed credo are divided into the ones that transmit moral principles to the addressee and borrow them from the addressee. The major thematic paradigms of credo are social, personal and poet's ones. Credo situations are found in different genres. The external form of credo situations can be used as a method of making other topics defamiliarized, for example, in love lyrics.

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