Fictionalism and Logical Difficulties in the Differentiation of Artificial and Natural Types of Intelligence

The article offers ways to resolve logical difficulties that arise when modeling situations in which manifestations of artificial intelligence approach characteristics of extraterrestrial intelligence. This procedure allows applying a fictionalist approach, at the heart of which the conventionality of borders between representations of objects as the literal truth or a fiction is allowed. Fictionalism, which erases borders between the literal truth and a fiction, is developed in line with analytical philosophy and is not generated by postmodern views. Modern supporters of philosophical fictionalism focus on formal logic and semiotics. Recognition of the conventionality of borders between literal and fictional truths does not lead to a denial of correctness of the procedure of demarcating this border. Thereby, postmodern skepticism concerning stability of any beliefs is essentially corrected if not overcome. From a fictional-ist perspective, the problem consists in the opportunity to draw a line between the fictional and real nature of artificial intelligence because the difference between the artificial, i.e. created by people, and the natural, i.e. not created by people, is not quite clear. The problem of relation of natural human and artificial machine intelligence, on the one hand, and natural extraterrestrial and artificial machine intelligence, on the other, consists in an opportunity to understand artificial intelligence as inhuman rather than to characterize the "naturalness" of human and alien types of intelligence. The problem is also connected with ways of designation and needs addressing a subsection of types-of-intelligence semantics. Semantic problems assume using semiotics analysis based on the general theory of signs and sign situations, which began to develop at the time of late Antiquity. Semiotics analysis is central among techniques constructing relevant models of artificial intelligence as a kind of fiction. The logical difficulties arising when modeling relations of types of intelligence to each other demand reactivation of separate aspects of Antiquity's heritage. The reasons for the need for combining semiotics and practices of ancient studies in a logic and philosophical research of fictionalism are the rich opportunities which arise in discussions on questions connected with the development of artificial intelligence.

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