The Formation and Development of Scientific Schools and Directions in Transport Higher Schools of Siberia in the 1950s - Early 1990s.

On the basis of archival documents first introduced into scientific discourse, the article examines the activities of transport higher schools of Siberia in the formation and development of scientific schools and directions in the 1950s - early 1990s. The author points out that the industrial development of the territories of the region in the postwar period called for the development of the railway network and the use of the Siberian rivers for navigation. Therefore, scientific research was necessary for the development of these sectors of the economy. It is noted that by the beginning of the period under study Siberia had three transport universities: two in Novosibirsk and one in Tomsk. Later transport universities were opened in Irkutsk and Omsk (it was transferred from Tomsk in 1961). A large part of the article is material on the formation and development of leading scientific schools of Novosibirsk Institute of Railway Engineers (NIIZhT). They were headed by distinguished scientists, professors A.Ya. Aleksandrov, K.K. Yakobson, G.M. Vlasov, K.N. Korzhavin, Yu.I. Soloviev, A.K. Dyunin, V.T. Albrekht and others. The main directions of transport-related research are described in detail. The author emphasizes that scientific activity in NIIZhT in the period under study was one of the main areas of work. This allowed the university to become a leader in its industry. Among the main scientific directions of Omsk Institute of Transport Engineers in the 1960s - early 1990s were works in the field of construction and operation of the railway, electrification of railway transport, transportation management, automation, telemechanics and communication. The heads of the scientific schools were well-known scientists, professors M.P. Pakhomov, V.V. Lukin, M.G. Shalimov, M.N. Larin, V.P. Mikheev, V.A. Chetvergov. The author examines in detail the scientific work of Novosibirsk Institute of Water Transport Engineers (NIWTE). The establishment of the institute coincided with the period of a significant progress in all areas of river transport. All this contributed to the rapid and multilateral development of science at the institute. The first doctoral theses were defended. In 1964 NIWTE was selected to be the leading institute on issues of navigation and transport development of small rivers in the eastern basins. It was in these years that the directions that determined the scientific image of the institute for the entire subsequent period were finally formed. It is noted that the scientific activity in the institute concentrated mainly in the departments and laboratories. During the period under study, the institute established recognized scientific schools of ship hydromechanics (V.G. Pavlenko), river hydraulics (V.V. Degterev) and thermal engineering (O.N. Lebedev). The article concludes on the economic importance of transport-related research aimed at the development of new large territorial-industrial complexes to the east of the Urals.

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