Economic Corridors in South Asia and "One Belt, One Road" Initiative During 2000-2010s
The article is devoted to the problem of regional and sub-regional integration in South Asia during 2000s and 2010s. In the early 1990s, nations of South Asia started to use a new concept of regional and sub-regional integration with the support of international organizations such as the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and other structures. This was a concept of sub-regional economic integration on trade and investment. But in case of South Asia questions of territorial disputes and trans-border instability marked this idea as unreal. India and China, China and Myanmar, India and Bangladesh started a process of regional negotiations and consultations about models for real integration. Some of these led to establishing of the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation (BCIM). In 2013 China announced a worldwide "One Belt, One Road" Initiative (OBOR or BRI). Also Chinese prime-minister Li Keqian, during his visit to India, mentioned that "both sides" must improve mechanisms for regional stability and cooperation in security agenda. In South Asia, the previously established concept of Forum transferred into an economic corridor within BCIM. Since the early 2010s, China has incorporated this corridor into "One Belt, One Road" Initiative. Theoretical basis was developed under the ADB auspices by researchers, e.g., Pradeep Srivastava. This concept of economic corridors was also part of the theory of connectivity and Paul Krugman's spatial economy theory. On these grounds, Chinese researchers developed the concept of corridors, mainly transport and economic (zoulang in Chinese). The author believes that some regional and sub-regional economic corridors can improve regional economy, but they need a strong support of external institutions (technical, financial, etc.). China has mutually beneficial examples of cooperation in multinational and multidimensional projects such as ASEAN-China Free Trade Area, Asia-Pacific Free-Trade Area negotiations and others. It can be a regional success both for China and India to use practical mechanisms of Mekong-Ganga Cooperation, South Asian Free Trade Area, Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation, etc. for regional cooperation and acceleration of BCIM economic corridor. Before 2013 the BCIM Forum had a lot of barriers because of India-China political and territorial disputes. But after the OBOR implementation there were some steps for normalization of India-China relations. However, nowadays India is not a member of OBOR, India is interested in the economic corridor development.
Keywords
экономический коридор,
«Один пояс, один путь»,
субрегиональное сотрудничество,
Китай,
Индия,
Бангладеш,
Мьянма,
economic corridor,
One Belt, One Road,
sub-regional cooperation,
China,
India,
Myanmar,
BangladeshAuthors
| Wang Chaolin | Tomsk State University | wangchaolin@ngs.ru |
Всего: 1
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