Environmental Liability in French Law
The research focuses on the modern status of the French environmental liability institution. Directive 2004/35/CE of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage was analyzed with due account of the two-level legal regulation in the euro-zone countries and the special aspects of the implementation of the Directive in the Environmental Code of France. The research objectives are: to consider environmental liability as a special type of liability in the French law and its applicability, to define the most effective law constructions and rule for improving the Russian institution of environmental damage recuperation. The research methods are formal-logical, formal-legal, comparative-legal. The institution of environmental liability was initially configured as public. An enabling environment is recognized as a public good; that is why the state plays a special role in the mechanism of compensation for environmental damage. The state is the one and only defender of the environment, and the state must determine its recovery measures. This idea designates the content and the procedure for applying environment liability, which stands out from traditional civil law sanctions. The essence of environmental liability is the offender's taking primary, additional and compensating measures aimed at restoring the original state of the environment. The liabilities are applied by administrative procedure after an authority's decision. In addition to a regenerative purpose, environmental liability pursues a preventive one. To achieve this, the authorized body has the right to require companies to take measures aimed at preventing environmental damage, or to apply such measures on its own, with a subsequent recovery of its costs by the offender. The Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that the preventive methods can be dictated in the case of inevitable environmental damage. Through this mechanism, one of the basic principles of the EU environmental law "to prevent is better than to correct" is implemented. The Environmental Code of France develops and specifies these rules. But environmental liability does not exclude the possibilities to claim damages under the civil liability regimes under the Civil Code of France. The results of the analysis can be applied to develop the Russian institution of the reparation of environmental damage by assimilation of European and French laws.
Keywords
право Франции,
экологическая ответственность,
экологический вред,
Экологический кодекс Франции,
Директива об экологической ответственности,
French law,
environmental liability,
environmental damage,
Environment Code of France,
Environmental Liability DirectiveAuthors
| Danilova Natalia V. | Tyumen State University | nvdanilova@mail.ru |
| Goglov Artem P. | Tyumen State University | artem.goglov@gmail.com |
Всего: 2
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