The Role of Expert Research in the Investigation of Economic Crimes Committed in the Field of Railway Transport

The aim of the article is to determine the prerequisites for the development of theoretical provisions of the use of special knowledge in the disclosure and investigation of economic crimes in the field of railway transport and, on this basis, to formulate conclusions and proposals for improving the investigative practice. The study was based on the research works of T.V Averyanova, A.F. Volynsky, A.S. Knyazkov, N.E. Meretskiy, V.A. Prorvich, E.R. Rossinskaya, L.G. Shapiro and other scholars. Informational and analytical documents of the Main Directorate for Transport Infrastracture of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation on the issues of fight against economic crimes were analyzed; 37 criminal cases and 44 conclusions of expert examinations were studied; 25 employees of the Directorate for Transport Infrastructure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the Central Federal District were interviewed, results of the authors' own research were used. The methodological basis was the dialectical method of cognition of social phenomena, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogies, modeling, as well as system-structural, formal-logical, statistical, concrete-sociological methods. The analysis of the existing problems, the representativeness of the empirical basis allowed substantiating the authors' conclusions and proposals. In the field of railway transport, the distinctive features that individualize economic crimes and affect the process of using special knowledge in their identification and investigation are: the linear principle of the industry, the features of corporate policy; a wide range of criminal acts due to the diversity of economic activities; group, organized nature of economic crimes; specific features of the mechanism of crime. The generalization of the investigative practice shows that special knowledge on the category of criminal cases under consideration is not always effectively used by the subject of investigation, which entails unjustified refusals to initiate criminal cases, their initiation without sufficient grounds, suspension of preliminary investigation, return for additional investigation, which affects the effectiveness of the investigation. In such circumstances, the organization of the investigation requires improvement. The involvement of specialists in the investigation and the appointment of necessary expert examinations are the only effective solution in this situation. It is necessary to adjust recommendations on the use of special knowledge in the investigation of this category of crimes. There are also objective prerequisites for the development of recommendations for the appointment of comprehensive expert examinations, the participation of persons with special economic and other knowledge in the investigation of such crimes.

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