The Metaphorical Term Gnezdo and Its Derivatives in Russian

The article proves that metaphorization is one of the most significant ways of term formation in linguistics. The material for the study was linguistic works in which compound terms were used based on the figurative meaning of the noun gnezdo (nest, word family, group, etc.), which, as the analysis showed, is actively involved in the terminology of Russian studies. On the one hand, the term can be called an ontological metaphor that reflects the principle of isolation, organization of a certain commonality of elements based on their typical unity - a common origin. At the same time, its broad meaning and weak specialization give grounds for attributing gnezdo to linguistic quasiterms, the semantics of which must necessarily be clarified using attribute vocabulary. The function of the latter is to designate the grounds for associating units into a gnezdo and, if possible, to characterize the approach to the study of the latter, cf. leksicheskoe, slovoobrazovatel 'noe, frazeologicheskoe gnezdo (lexical, derivational, phraseological word family). The polysemy of a significant part of compound terms gives rise to "secondary" special names such as leksiko-frazeologicheskoe, etimologo-slovoobrazovatel 'noe gnezdo (lexical-phraseological, etymological, word-formative word family), which reflect the expansion of the object of study and the complex nature of its description. The constant emergence of such terms (group of texts, figurative, semantic, semantic-derivational group) is caused by the new scientific interests of linguists and the specific objectives of their research. But if the new term does not have a special content, its use is justified only by the need to abandon the ambiguity of the former designation; otherwise, poly-naming reveals a terminological crisis. An expression of the latter can be works in which authors reject this type of terms, using descriptive type definitions in their titles such as "words with the root . . .", "single-rooted words", "groups of single-rooted words", etc. In the authors' opinion, the most optimal terms of this group should include a derivational and etymological word family: monosemic, indicating simultaneously the bases of an association of linguistic units and the main aspects of their research. Similar is the terminological combination of the nominative-derived word family introduced in the present work: a set of different structural derived units, going back to a common vertex, allowing for various formal semantic aspects of their description related to naming (formal types of units, reflection of language speakers' nominative-cognitive activities in their content, etc.). In general, the expansion of special sign resources, including through metaphors, develops the terminological system of linguistics as a dynamic provider of the search for a scientific idea.

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