The History of the Development and the Prospects of an Effective Personnel Policy of a Modern Competitive University in Russia

The article is devoted to the problem of personnel policy aimed at the development of human capital in universities. Today, the system of higher education in the world is undergoing a serious transformation of both basic processes (education, science, innovation) and approaches to the development of human capital, primarily faculty members. The best practices from the foreign academic world are often turned to build an effective personnel policy to ensure increased competitiveness of a Russian university. The practices that have been formed and applied at the domestic higher school in the field of personnel policy and the development of human capital of universities in pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods, as a rule, remain outside the analysis. The article is written on the basis of archival sources, collections of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Empire and the USSR, Russian and foreign studies on the development of higher education policies in the countries of the world and in Russia, and statistical information on academic excellence programs of higher education in foreign countries. In the personnel policy of pre-revolutionary universities, the following questions are analyzed: filling a vacant professorship, requirements for candidates for professorships, the degree of competition among Russian lecturers and scholars for full-time positions in Russian universities. It is concluded that the procedure for filling vacant posts played the role of a pass to the university teaching corporation, and its members wished at all costs to maintain control over the "entrance doors" to the academic world, which they mainly succeeded in. During the Soviet period, changes occurred in recruitment, selection, procurement, training, and certification of the academic staff of higher education. The content and consequences of universities' human capital development during the Soviet period are analyzed: the All-Russian competition for teaching positions, "vydvizhenchestvo " (system of workers' promotion to positions of authority), the invitation of specialists from the capital's universities of the country, the secondment of university scholars to doctoral studies at the USSR Academy of Sciences, the institution of senior and junior research workers. Special emphasis among the practices of developing universities and the human capital of universities in the post-Soviet period is placed on the analysis of the program to increase the competitiveness of Russian universities. It is proposed to formulate the modern personnel policy of the university based on the transformation of competitive universities on the principles of ERAITE (Education, Research, Innovation, Technology, Entrepreneurship).

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