Karate Classes as a Means of Motor and Psychomotor Training for Preschool Children

The aim of the study was to develop a karate program for use in a preschool institution and to evaluate its effectiveness in the psychomotor and motor readiness of older preschool children. The following methods are used in the study: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment and methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted on the basis of kindergarten No. 4 Montessori in Tomsk. The study involved 30 children (boys) aged 5-6. The subjects were divided into two groups: control (n = 15 people) and experimental (n = 15 people). The subjects were tested in their motor readiness, and also measured in the indicators of their psychomotor development. The indicators of psychomotor development were evaluated using the hardware-software complex Sports Psychophysiologist (produced by the Research Center Anali-tik in Omsk). The test results were analyzed using Statistica 10.0 of the software company Statsoft. Two independent samples were generated. To determine the nature of the distribution of the obtained data, student t-test was used. The developed program for incorporating elements of traditional karate into the system of physical education of older preschool children had a positive impact on physical development, as well as on motor and psychomotor preparedness of children aged 5-6. Performance indicators for the developed program are: in the experimental group, the level of coordination preparedness of children aged 5-6 significantly increased after the introduction of the developed program for including karate elements in the standing on one leg motor test into the experimental group, an increase in the results in the control group from 16.6 s to 21 s was revealed, in the experimental group from 32.1 s to 51 s (p <0.05); in preschool children, there is an increase in the physical quality "flexibility", which is proved by their performance in tilting forward from a sitting position, in the control and experimental groups, the indicator improved from 1.5 cm to 2.2 cm and from 0.1 cm to 2.6 cm, respectively (p <0.05); boys of the experimental group significantly improved indicators of a simple sen-sorimotor reaction. The indicator of the psychomotor test on reaction to light by hand in the experimental group, compared with the control group, revealed statistically significant differences (p <0.05). The increase in the experimental and control groups was 0.02 s and 0.03 s, respectively; the program for incorporating karate elements into joint motor activity has also proved to be effective in the tapping test. After the experiment, significant differences were found between the control and experimental groups (p = 0.04).

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