The Specificity of Technical Tactical Training of Orienteers at the Stages of Long-Term Preparation

The article describes the issues of orienteers' technical and tactical training specifics on the stages of long-term preparation. According to diagnostics results of identified individual mistakes in competition exercise implementation technique in orienteering, the authors have developed and experimentally proved a complex of resources, methods and pedagogic conditions for technical and tactical training of orienteers on the first stage and in the beginning of sport specialization. The research included 40 children who did sport orienteering. There were 20 children aged 9-11 and 20 children aged 12-14. In diagnostics, the authors used questioning, pedagogic observation, competition results analysis, control of difference dynamics between average and stable speed on each stage of experiment. Technical readiness assessment was carried out by an expert group consisting of three judges of the first category. The results of the ascertaining stage of the experiment showed a high delta in most athletes. The instability of athletes' performance at competitions is related to mistakes in technical and tactical training, short-term memory and average and below average levels of athletes' distance control. In order to change the disadvantages, the authors made some amendments in the sport orienteering program content. For children aged 9-11, most technical and tactical elements were developed on the ground for athletes' quick adaptation to the forest-park locality, with an application of the iButton Sport e-punching system and GPS watches which helped control the implementation of the set tasks. To correct the technical and tactical plan, the coverage of the distance for each athlete was analyzed. The technical and tactical training of athletes aged 12-14 included the implementation of the set tasks in fatigue, with an application of the SportIDENT e-punching system, which made the orienteering athletes' condition closer to the conditions of competitions. Athletes independently identified all mistakes and chose exercises in order to eliminate those mistakes without stopping the training process. The presented exercises were implemented mostly as warm ups or as the main training part. During the experiment, verbal and game methods were actively used. The assessment of the experiment results shows a positive influence of the corrected programs and helps to improve indicators: the difference between average and stable speeds has reduced; the average athletes' speed on the distance has increased; the number of technical and tactical mistakes has reduced; speed stability has increased.

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