Tomsk as a Center of Attraction for University Teaching Staff in the 19th-20th Centuries

The aim of the study is to identify the main patterns and features of the process of replenishing the higher education of Tomsk with qualified personnel in a historical retrospective, from the late 19th to the late 20th centuries, that is, from the period of the formation of elements of the imperial higher education system in the city until the end of the Soviet era. This research was conducted based on the analysis of historiography, reference literature, as well as documents extracted from the State Archive of Perm Oblast and the Center for Documentation of the Contemporary History of Tomsk Oblast. Tomsk (Tomsk universities) is shown as the intersection of two personnel streams - both incoming and outgoing. Several waves of inflow and outflow of teaching staff of Tomsk universities have been identified. The largest waves were in the 1880s and 1890s (formation of the staff of Tomsk University and the Technological Institute), 1918-1919 (refugees during the Civil War), mid-1930s (reorganization of the university system), 19411942 (evacuation from the western regions of the USSR), 1943-1944 (re-evacuation), 1950s (opening of new specialties), 1970s (outflow to newly opened universities and research institutes). The author comes to the conclusion that, at the early stage, the academic circumstances of mobility prevailed (the formation of the staff of new departments, scientific prospects). Later, in the 1920-1940s, non-academic circumstances were predominant (conditions of revolutions, wars and repressions). In the second half of the 20th century, academic circumstances came to the fore (university career) again. It should be noted that the peculiarity of Tomsk was that, in the 20th century, most of the personnel "inflows" were of a non-academic nature and were associated with the course of historical events. It is emphasized that the Tomsk professors of the late 19th century were distinguished by the fact they were an exclusively exogenous phenomenon for the city. However, already by the beginning of the 20th century, the first Siberian - by origin - professors appeared, and in the future their share grew. If in the first decades of the existence of Tomsk higher education, the importance of teachers and scientists arriving from other cities was exceptionally great, over time, its own graduates became the basis of Tomsk's higher education potential, which is very typical for the domestic system of higher education.

Keywords

Authors

References