Formation of Ski Racers' Adaptability in the Conditions of an Integrative Training Process

The study aims to scientifically justify mechanisms for achieving a stable adaptation of the body of qualified ski racers to intense training and competitive activity. The hypothesis of the study is that professional ski racers can increase their effective adaptability to training and competitive loads if their physical and functional capacities are analyzed on a regular basis and the training and preparation for competitions are based on indicators of the premorbid state of some functional systems of the body. It is advisable to integrate neuromuscular regulation and hypercapnic effects into the main individualized training process. Professional ski racers aged 18 and 19 from the team of Tyumen Oblast took part in the research. They were divided into experimental and control groups, eight athletes in each. All ski racers had a high level of sports training (candidates for masters and masters of sport). The leading methods for achieving the ski racers' sustainable adaptive ability to high training loads at the special preparatory stage were determined at the end of the study: (1) Integration of the main training process with the staged application of additional respiratory hypercapnic effects. These effects activate the actions of aerobic resynthesis of ATP molecules by increasing the metabolic capacity under a controlled regime of increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in blood. They also form physiological hypertrophy of the tonogenic expansion (dilatation) of the ventricles of the heart. All of the above gives the prerequisites for an increase in stroke and minute blood volume at lower pulse modes, and increases the physical working efficiency of athletes during the competitive period. (2) Inclusion of neuromuscular influences in the warm-up before a training or competition, depending on the individual pattern of the myofascial network. It enhances the ski racers' training and contributes to the success of competitive activity due to balanced processes at the cellular and molecular levels. They advance the biomechanical integrity of the entire motion. (3) Design of the training program with regard to the indicators of the premorbid state (adaptability) of the cardiovascular system. (4) Individualization of sports training for ski racers based on a systematic analysis of the level of physical and functional state, and on the definition of the thresholds for aerobic and anaerobic metabolism based on indicators of cardiac activity. It is this method that works best for setting zones of intensity.

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