Organization of Hunting and Fishing Economy in Vitim-Olyokminsky District in 1930-1938

The article presents a comprehensive study of the problems of the hunting and trade economy of Vitim-Olyokminsky District in 1930-1938. The source base of the research is represented by documents of the State Archive of Zabaikalsky Krai that have not been introduced into academic discourse. Among them are documents of the district and regional planning of fur stocks, as well as reports on the economic and cultural development of the district over a 5-year period, from 1931 to 1936, which outlined the fundamental directions of the development of traditional sectors of the economy and, first of all, the fur trade. Particularly valuable are the field materials of land surveying and research expeditions, which left detailed reports on the statistical and economic state of the district. The study of the topic was carried out in accordance with the basic principles of historical research, the principles of objectivity and historicism. Based on these principles, the article defines and uses a number of methods of scientific knowledge: historical-genetic, historical-comparative, concrete-historical. In the course of the study, the following aspects are consistently analyzed: the state of the regulatory framework for the introduction of new practice in trade legislation, the regulation of the hunting process and the procurement of fur raw materials, their implementation and control in the hunting areas and organizational and delivery fees, objective difficulties in practical implementation, planning of fur harvesting by regional and district harvesting structures, the difference in indicators arising on a given soil. The features of the quarterly allocation and its implementation, the problems of organizing labor and overcoming the systemic crisis of the trade industry of the national economy, the timing of the trade season, the technique of procurement of fur raw materials are thoroughly disclosed. The implementation of the program of biological and zootechnical measures aimed at enriching the commercial fauna of the district is considered. The district and regional authorities, within the indicated chronological framework, were forced to hastily solve complex problems that existed in the region in prerevolutionary times and aggravated in the 1920s-1930s. A significant part of the planned activities was implemented through trial and error; nevertheless, this contributed to the general growth of the fur raw material sector of the economy and an increase in the level of commercial labor productivity. At the same time, the greatest difficulties were in personnel and financial problems - they became the main reasons for the inhibited development of the entire organizational and technical complex of the district trade industry.

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