Methods of borrowing terminology in the professional sphere of unmanned technologies in construction

As a result of the rapid development of unmanned technologies in construction, the Russian language for special purposes in this professional field has seen a significant increase in the number of foreign-language terms. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that foreign-language terms related to the subject area of "Unmanned Technologies in Construction" are insufficiently represented in relevant terminological dictionaries and require detailed examination for the purpose of systematizing this specialized vocabulary, which contributes to the formation of a professional worldview among students at construction universities, studying new programs related to unmanned technologies in construction and transportation. The article aims to identify and analyze the ways of borrowing foreign-language terminology in the field of "Unmanned Technologies in Construction". The material for the study was terminological units selected through a comprehensive sampling method from texts related to unmanned technologies in construction, including scientific articles, textbooks, and professional websites. The methodological basis is built on descriptive and comparative methods. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that, for the first time, the professional vocabulary in the field of unmanned technologies in construction is analyzed; the foreign-language terminology of this field, including terms not recorded in lexicographical sources, is identified, systematized, and described. Additionally, material from professional online discourse in the analyzed subject area from the last five years is introduced into scientific discourse for the first time. The materials and results of the study can be applied in university and lexicographical practice. It was found that in the Russian terminology of the "Unmanned Technologies in Construction" field, there are foreign-language units (lexical and syntactic) borrowed in various ways: original (direct) borrowing - both literal and with transformations (19% of the total number of foreign-language units); the use of foreign morphemes to artificially create terms (13%); and calquing (25%). The clear predominance of calquing as a way of enriching the terminology indicates the foreign semantic influence on the Russian language and, at the same time, the activation of the host language's own resources, which contributes to harmonious professional communication. In addition, a significant number of the terms examined were borrowed through a mixed method, combining two or more of the above-mentioned ways. All of this reflects the influence of international terminology and the terminology of foreign languages on the development of the Russian language for special purposes in the "Unmanned Technologies in Construction" field. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

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