Biology of winter flights of Titmice and the accompanying species of birds in the mountain taiga zone of Central Sayan

According to the results of the route calculations in the mountain taiga belt of Сentral Sayan the species composition of the winter tit-flights of two types has been established: the uniting around the Willow Tit (92% of flocks) and the aggregated relative to the long-tailed Tit (8% of flocks). In the first type of the flocks 93% specimens includes three types, which depended on the season or altitudinal belts: the Willow Tit (65-82%), the Nuthatch (10-13%) and the Siberian Tit (4-14%). To these joined the Coal Tit (3,2%), the Treecreeper (1,3%) and the less frequent Great Tit (0,52%), Goldcrest (0,13%), Pine Grosbeak (0,22%), Redpoll and Great Bullfinch (0,17%). The woodpeckers came along as more constant satellites gears: the Three-toed Woodpecker (0,22%), the Great Spotted Woodpecker and the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (On 0,04%). The second type of flocks practically consisted of one form - the Long-tailed Tit (on the average 9 specimens in the flock), which could be joined for some period by the Redpoll, the Great Tit, the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, the Siskin and the Coal Tit. For both the types of flocks an increase in the specific variety and the size of flock has been established, as well as an increase in the abundance and the range of species from the light-coniferous forests (on the average 10 specimens in the flock with the density 125 birds to km) to the dark-coniferous taiga (8 and 277 respectively) with the maximum in cedar taiga (13 and 482). Some special features of nourishment, movement, interspecies competition and the enemies of winter titmouse cenosis are described. At the basis of the transformation of composition and structure of flocks during winter, in autumn and spring lay the changes in the stern conditions, which were determined by the climatic regime of summer in mountain taiga.

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