Features of functioning of hi-tech clusters in China and Japan

To make Russia capable of competing with the advanced countries in the near future is possible by maintenance of competitive advantages in certain branches of national economy at local, regional, and later at federal and international levels. It is possible only with the development and perfection of the national innovative system of Russia. At present, creation of technically innovative zones is of priority value in many countries, including Russia. Consideration of system characteristics of the special economic zone allows to identify it as an independent element, which is integrated into the economic system with a mission in the system to create a set of positive economic and social effects, which can show at any level of the hierarchy of the economic system. Having selected development of science and techniques as a priority direction of economic reforms, China and Japan have created a powerful scientific-mental potential where development zones of development of new and high technology have played a significant role. The innovative economic zones as effective tools of regional development have extended in the countries of Asia. However, their formation and development has peculiar features. In particular, in Japan and China the state actively participates in formation and development of zones of scientific and technical type. Innovative zones, being a version of free economic zones, represent territories of compact accommodation of national and / or foreign research centres and producing companies that use a uniform system of privileges, both of direct and indirect character. Studying the global experience of creation of zones has great value for formation of an effective institution of innovative zones in Russia. The analysis of the global experience of functioning of innovative zones has shown that though having essential distinctions, they have common features and tendencies. So they have similar purposes of increasing competitiveness of national industry, strengthening communications of science and innovators with manufacture, activating foreign trade activities and regional development. The common features are shown in their status, namely, the combination of the approach of creation of the zones within public, private or shared property. It would be especially desirable to note that private capital is actively involved in creation of infrastructure, and zones are a place of active connection of university science with manufacture. Experience of the Chinese and Japanese hi-tech zones shows a variety and flexibility of privilege policies for participants of a zone, methods of clusters formation and their development.

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