Competition technologies as a means of social policy efficiency increase

The social policy in modern Russia is traditionally one of the most urgent and vividly discussed spheres of social life and state management. State authorities made attempts to form new approaches in the social policy. For example, during the period of transition from the model of social securing to the model of social support, the factor of economic optimisation was used as the leading one. In the result of the experiment of replacing privileges by money payments it was proved again that choosing only economic reasons for reforming and planning the social policy, which is a humanitarian and non-commercial sphere by nature, cannot be tolerated. Nevertheless, the rational "economic" attitude to the social sphere in Russia has been prevailing recently. The social sphere in Russia, as well as the economic one, has been demonopolised, which resulted in emergence of new social policy subjects besides the government -business and non-governmental organizations. The leading means of increase in the efficiency of social policy is addressness. Now this approach is expanded due to the changes in approaches to financing the social sphere. The transition from financing the process to financing the result, from financing the organization to financing the service, from financing current activity to financing projects is made. Adoption of the system of budgeting oriented to the result and project approach in funds distribution are ways of introducing these approaches and raising the efficiency of the social policy. These means are used in competition technologies of financing the social sphere, which are discussed in the article. Competition technologies now used in the social sphere in modern Russia are various. The most popular ones are the competition of social projects (grant competition) and the competition of social order. Competition technologies used in the social sphere can also be classified according to some other principles: the type of organization launching the competition, potential contestants, open and closed competition, aims of the competition. Modern competition technologies are closely connected with the process of development of non-governmental non-commercial sector in Russia. Now competition technologies are used by the government and local authorities and provide widening the range of subjects, working in the social sphere, raising the quality of their work through competition and making the expenses on the social sphere more effective.

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