Modern epistemology: orientation to new approaches

Development of information technologies, establishment of information society, formation of the innovative economic system based on the value of knowledge, have caused transformation of social, cultural, economic, etc. systems, which has caused the formation of an essentially new structure of society - the society of knowledge. In the given conditions scientists make the subject of their intent attention senses and vectors of such realities as 'post-industrial', 'information' society, 'post-modern'. At the same time it is necessary to notice that with all the high globalisation tendencies, the fact of spiritual degradation of the person, loss of cultural orientation, substitution of culture by civilized complexes is obvious. Evidently, nowadays the 'soul of culture' is leaving civilization, which is a sign to return and update the eternal senses of culture, the person of this culture in new civilization. Modern cognitive process is developed in this situation. At present researchers mark the change of the society's attitude to the process of cognition, to the appearance of new sciences, new methodological problems, which is specified in V.S. Stepin's, V.A. Lectorsky's, V.Ye. Kemerov's, LA. Mikeshina's, P.P. Gajdenko's works, etc. This fact is caused, first of all, by the changes in character of life of modern societies. In this situation scientific knowledge develops. In the process of cognition, the problem of the role of the subject, the subject-object attitudes, the objectivity is reconsidered, new interpretation of the role of communication is presented, the structure of scientific knowledge is transformed, new rationality and specific interdisciplinarity appear. The process of modern cognition is expressed through communicative, activity attitudes of subjects and the process of cognition is impossible without active efforts of these communication subjects with their ways of performing cognitive activity.However, following a number of modern researchers, we ascertain the fact that the categories of transcendentality, transcendental subject are elaborated due to the development and new perception of social and humanitarian knowledge, the category of empirical subject is also specified. For a more complete analysis of the process of cognition, it is necessary to consider welfare conditions of the subject as they influence cognitive processes. The subject is capable of thinking effectively and productively only in the conditions of historical time and welfare reality, when translations of knowledge and communications between subjects have certain cultural-historical contexts, in which the problem of epistemological values is defined. In the given conditions the process of integration of natural sciences and the humanities, finding new approaches to the organization of scientific knowledge and scientific activity is carried out

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