Method of modern literary criticism

Epistemological paradigm of the domestic theory of criticism is the paradigm of classical hermeneutics. Works by M. Heidegger, P. Riker, and H.G. Gadamer appeared in the 20 century. Hermeneutics becomes ontological. The concept of interpretation is filled with ontological sense, which implies self-interpretation. The new methodology helps to comprehend the problem of the method of literary-critical activity in a new way. Literary criticism is a difficult process of interpretation, which consists of two acts of understanding - primary (an instant enlightenment of the truth of life) and secondary, realised, expressed in the word. We understand the method of literary-critical activity as a general strategy, which organizes the process of interpretation and estimation of the literary phenomenon and refocuses it in the act of text creation, which depends on the communicative task and the task of understanding. Criticism uses the humanitarian method of knowledge, not the strictly scientific one. The author of the article describes the classification of the method of literary criticism and distinguishes analytical, pragmatical, analytical-pragmatical methods. The method of criticism is possible to be classified by the criterion direction of interpretation. The author also analyses literary criticism of the end of the 20 century (on the material of the periodicals Novy Mir, Znamya, Nash Sovremennik) from the point of view of its method. Gnoseological differences between the liberal and the conservative criticism are given.

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