Social policy of the Soviet rule (1930s) in national and foreign historiographу

In the conditions of financial and economic instability social problems of the state come to the foreground. In such conditions only effective social policy can support stability of the society. Realisation of modern social policy is impossible without the analysis of previous experience. One of historical examples of realisation of the state social policy in modernisation is social policy of the USSR in 1930s. In studying the social policy of 1930s it is possible to allocate two basic periods - the Soviet (early 1930s - 1991) and the Post-Soviet (1991 till now) periods, essentially differing in methodological concepts of research. Housing maintenance became one of the themes that are in the centre of attention of researchers. The housing problem existed in 1930s, however, instead of its objective analysis criticism of actions of the imperial government (V. Schmidt, L. Perchik) was given. Serious steps to reconsideration of the experience, which wasn saved up by the system of public health services, start to be undertaken in 1950s (A.N. Vinogradov, B.V. Petrovsky, S.M. Bagdasarian). In 1970-1980s a considerable quantity of the researches devoted to social subjects appeared in central editions. There the financial situation of workers, their social, cultural development was considered. But, the class approach did not allow studying the variety of reasons of the social phenomena. A more reserved estimation of social policy is thus appreciable. In 1990s researchers had an opportunity to be released from the Soviet ideological installations. Collectivisation questions are in the centre of attention of modern scientists, for example, the 1930s standard of living of peasants (Ye.N. Oskolkov, V.V. Kondrashin, I.Ye. Zelenin). It is necessary to note a number of positive features of modern historiography. The circle of the scientific has considerably extended. There was an update of methods and techniques. Long time social policy of the Soviet rule, according to researchers, was faultless, now the approach to it became critical. It is necessary to recognise that the considered theme is studied insufficiently. The basic attention of researchers is concentrated on collectivisation and peasantry position. Other elements of social policy -health services, housing maintenance, food supply - for the present are not studied enough. It predetermines the necessity of furtherresearch of the given theme.

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