Complex sentence with subordinate clause of time and explanatory design: common ground

The object of research in this article is constructions with time value consisting of two predicative units, one of which enters into relations with the explanation of a word, phrase or a word form of other predicative units. For example: Однажды, когда оба брата были в поле, Каин напал на Авеля и убил его (Children's Bible); В один хороший зимний день, то есть когда морозу было всего градусов двадцать, к крыльцу моему подъехал на своей лошади и вошел ко мне Иван Иванович Андреев (I.А. Goncharov); Трудно приходилось пастухам в течение зимы, особенно когда поднимался буран (D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak). Constructions of this kind have already come to the attention of linguists, but the difference in the interpretation of these facts is so considerable that, in our opinion, the possibility of unique determination of the status of the analyzed constructs in the aspect of syntactic units is unlikely. Therefore, it becomes necessary to look for a different perspective for their analysis. In our view, there is a useful structural approach. Analysis of the data constructs in the aspect of syntactic structure would avoid the need to treat them not only as dismembered or undivided structures, but also as compound sentences. The purpose of the article is to consider such constructions using a structural aspect (i.e., in terms of syntactic structure). Analysis of the data structures in the structural aspect allowed us to classify them as units of syntactic structure row of a particular type, which is proposed to be asymmetrical explanatory side. Asymmetric explanatory refers to syntax, characterized by: first, row-placed members of the general terms and their grammatical independence in a relationship; second, polytypic row-placed members in terms of predication / non-predication; third, unequal row-placed members: conditional relationships are established between explained and explanatory objects, and members themselves treat each other as determined and defined. Asymmetric explanatory series on the basis of logical and syntactical relations and structural features can be represented in three varieties, such as the explanation proper, inclusion and clarification. Consideration of these types takes up a significant part of the article. Constructural aspect can be applied not only in the analysis of those facts that are difficult to characterize in terms of syntactic units; it is possible to create a typology of potential designs in a complex sentence as a whole. It is important to note that the author did not set out to change the syntax of a complex sentence constructs. Constructural syntax - this is only one aspect of the study of syntactic units which are classified as a complex sentence. Perhaps, the description of complex sentences in these two plans will not coincide completely, which will give an opportunity to clarify their grammatical nature

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