Structural innovation-based changes in international and Russian economy

Regularities and tendencies of innovative development in international technological area are generalized. Modern tendencies of innovation processes development and their obstacles in Russia are analyzed. We view innovation state policy as an opportunity to stimulate innovation process. We analyze the state of art and development towards innovation processes in Russian economy; suggest key indicators that characterize transferring to the innovation model, estimate the prospects of Russian nanoindustry. The increasing role of innovation was one of the key factors that caused radical structural changes in international economy during the last 20-30 years. Innovation process turned from an irregular economic phenomenon into the dominant of economic development. We investigate how the best international strategies of innovative business can be adapted in Russia. The role of international technological exchange, of labor mobility and of innovation in global challenges is growing. The extensive development model interchanges to the intensive one. It means increase in economic growth rates that is based on the innovation human activity and gain in added value in the products price. The quality of economic processes depends on technological innovation-based changes that are caused by radical transformation in international economy structure. We reveal global trends and challenges that form the external environment and obstacles for transition from the raw-material export-oriented to the innovation-oriented model of economic growth. We describe the ways of development of institutions formation and experience of state corporations in hi-tech sectors in Russia. Also main tendencies and priorities of Russian innovation development are revealed with regard to global trends and challenges as their 208conditions and obstacles. We analyse the content and dynamics of innovation process indicators and also state policy directions and instruments aimed at its enhancing. Main innovation policy outlines in Russia and abroad, key elements of modern government measures of innovation support are discussed. Also we characterize modern models and mechanisms of national innovation system support to stimulate the innovative long-run activity of business

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