The impact of migration on demographic structure of the population and situation in Russia and Kyrgyzstan

For Russia, the current labour migration has become of strategic importance. In addition to factors such as poverty and unemployment in their countries of origin, the magnitude of labour migration in Russia is linked with the state of its workforce. For example, in 2005 from 35-40 millions of working-age women in Russia only 10-15 millions were formally employed to work outside home; remaining women are the mothers who are on leave for child care, officially registered as unemployed or not engaged in formal employment activities for other reasons. If we talk about the male population, from 25-30 million of able-bodied men of about 0,8-1,0 million were in prison, about 5 millions were alcoholics and drug addicts, approximately 3-4 million people are currently serving in the military, law enforcement, security. There are only about 8-10 million men employed in manufacturing, management, finance, health, education and culture. Over the past 15 years, Russia has lost each year in work force due to 1 million excess of deaths over births. Thus, the country while picking up the pace of economic development is facing a serious shortage of manpower. Annual growth of labor productivity in Russia's economy by 5% GDP growth may provide only 40% by 2010. In this case, the number of employees should be increased by 60% up to 103, 5 million people. This figure exceeds even the most favourable variant of the potential population of working age, which is about 24,3 million. UN projections indicate that in 2010, it seems to be justified to receive 2 million migrants a year. If we talk about the impact of migration on the demographic situation in Kyrgyzstan, it may be noted that there is a complex demographic situation in the country as a result of migration processes, characterized by slowing down the population increase rate, which is currently provided only through a higher birth rate among the rural population. In general, relatively high levels of reproduction characterize the population of the republic. These basic demographic indicators differ for urban and rural populations and vary depending on the region. The country itself, especially the southern regions, is characterized by agrarian overpopulation with simultaneous increase in the number of unemployed

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