PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURE IN METAPHYSICAL SEARCH. ARTICLE 1. CULTURE AS A PRODUCT OF MIND. METAPHYSICS OF CLASSICAL TRANSCENDENTAL PHILOSOPHY

Metaphysical search of modern philosophy of culture supposes constant address to the rich historical and philosophical experience of metaphysics, which has been accumulated during many thousands years of development of the human culture, and to the advanced metaphysical programs. It is the viewpoint of thorough consideration of possible variants of metaphysics suggested by philosophical thinking and revelation of their significance at the recent stage of creating metaphysics of culture that allows posing and defusing the problem of metaphysical grounds and origins of Culture. Accordingly, understanding of philosophy of culture appears as a vast, all-embracing philosophical trend that has a centuries-old history dating back to the high antiquity, ancient origins of the human thought, which is compared to the history of human development at large. In the capacity of the fundamental metaphysical program, philosophical sciences distinguish the traditional classical metaphysical program, developed by Parmenides in his substantial philosophical work; the ancient Greek Elea School; Plato's idealism; logical and metaphysical investigations by Aristotle; Descartes' rationalism, which had been perfected by Kant and German transcendental philosophy during the Age of the Enlightenment. Transcendental idealism always preserves its undying meaning for philosophers and, at the same time, evokes the need of rethinking of and searching for other ways of development of philosophical thought being transformed per se into a continuous trend of transcendental philosophy of culture. Present-day philosophy of culture should not be simply based on philosophical and anthropological achievements of the classic. It originated from the tradition of classical philosophy and transcendental idealism in its classical modification because it represents the value of Culture in itself and remembers the deep human need in comprehension of their being, the rationale for their life, the perfection as an aspiration for the ideal of Humanity, creation as transformation of the World. With due regard for the topicality of interpreting Culture as a dynamically developing universe and the Vital Human World, the principle of philosophy of culture should begin from a conclusion about the Humanity -the way Plato, Descartes, Kant and others imagined it - from the objective reality in the ideal world, the world of the Absolute, the Unity of the Truth, the Good, and the Beauty.

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