MINING DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN NORTH-EAST IN 1930-1960S: DALSTROEVSKAYA AND SOVNARKHOZNAYA MODELS.

The author of the article compares two models of industrial activity realized by the government in the Russian North-East during 1930-1960s. As the analytical results the author defined the characteristic features of both of them. For the dalstroevskaya model these are extraordinary powers in subordinated territory; the integrated character of Dalstroy activity, covering all the spheres of the public life of the region; significant state financing; mainly injurious mining of the gold deposits; development of the mono-branch specialization in regional economy; a large-scale use of compulsory work of unskilled prisoners; the prevalence of compulsory methods of work stimulation; a widespread system of punishments for failing the plan; minimization of expenses on the social infrastructure and accident prevention; a system of northern privileges to attract free-hiring workers; extremely negative influence on ecology. The sovnarkhoznaya model features are large economic powers and submitting to the regional Communist party organs simultaneously; the limited state's assignments for gold mining with liquidation of inefficient objects; using free-hiring workers and economic measures of work stimulation; consecutive efforts for decreasing the number of accidents and diseases on the mining objects; a complex and fast intrusion of new mechanisms and technologies; successful development of gold mining by the prospectors; negative influence on ecology; large-scale housing construction and creation of more comfortable living conditions for the workers. Both models were objectively directed at industrial development of the Russian North-East. As a whole they solved the main task - the greatest possible extraction of gold. However, the sovnarhoznaya model showed an opportunity of realization of state tasks without repressions and large-scale use of compulsory work of prisoners. But later the monobranch specialization in regional economy was not corrected. In 1990s it resulted in a serious socio-economic crisis in the region.

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