METHODOLOGICAL VALUE OF KNOWLEDGE ON CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONS IN FORENSIC CRIME INVESTIGATION TECHNIQUES

In modern times, the formation and development of scientific knowledge of criminalistics relies on the doctrine of causation. Knowledge on the cause-effect connection is actively used in forensic methodology as the contemporary understanding and the perpetuation of the idea of causality in scientific and everyday consciousness needs an in-depth review of this idea. In modern forensic science the notion of the process of crime disclosure and investigation involves the establishment of cause-effect relations. This approach dictates the need to develop tools and methods for their study; causes an attentive attitude to the issue of causation in the scientific and practical aspects; and requires further improvement of the existing methods of its application. The previous theoretical knowledge of causality expresses causal relationship as the relation of cause and effect. In modern conditions of development of social sciences, legal frameworks and public life it helps understand only the external source of legal phenomena and processes. However, it is not enough for forensic investigations with investigation techniques for a specific type of crime, because when investigating and solving crimes from this position only a few causal relations are revealed and the knowledge of the past events, its mechanism is not complete. Speaking of forensic knowledge of causation, it seems correct to consider it as an interaction. This approach allows disclosure of internal content through causal interaction that reveals the originality of the ratio of its components and understands its mechanism. This will deepen our understanding of the event side of the crime, its mechanism. This enables us to examine the causal relations within crime investigation techniques as a systematizing criterion for the innermost structure techniques of the specific type of crime. The knowledge of causation here has integrating value linking the structural elements of all components in the system of forensic crime investigation techniques and serve as an epistemological basis of the retrospectiveprocess of cognition (investigation). This knowledge of causation is defined as the system-forming centre of methodological significance of forming a correct understanding of the importance of individual and general causation in the given subject area.

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