Scientific-methodological bases of the activity of childrens museums

Any childrens museum as a special educational institute aims at formationand development of a childs personality in the process of learning to master cultural-historical heritage. Scientificmethodologicalbasis of its activity is conceptions of the Russian philosophical school at the end of 19th − beginning of the 20th centuries,in particular, philosophical-pedagogical ideas of A.V. Bakushinsky, N.F. Fyodorov. Ideas of modern researchers - M.A. Ariarskyand N. B. Krylova − about the variety of cultural fields, stages of enculturation are applied to a childrens museum as a variant of amodern educational establishment. In the result ofthe analysis of Russian philosophers and art critics works we single out the followingtheses, which serve as scientific-methodological basis for a childrens museum: 1. In order to carry out its social mission a childrensmuseum should become a place of spiritual contact with the world of human culture, a place of the dialogue of epochs and the dialogueof generations. The purpose of a childrens museum is formation of soul, free development of a childs personality in a special museumspace by means of subject world of culture. 2. A childrens museum is an important institute of education of a person of culture as asubject acting actively. The process of enculturation for pupils of a childrens museum has the following stages: joining to cultural valuesthrough reconstruction, revitalization of objects of material and non-material heritage through creative activity, translation into modernculture, actualisation and generation of a new culture. 3. In order to organize educational and developing environment in a childrensmuseum it is necessary to refuse from the method of finished decisions in constructing exposition and in the methods of presenting material.Problem tasks stimulating searching, creative activity, encouragement of test and experimental work, heuristic talks will providedevelopment of a disciplined critical mind being able to independent discoveries. 4. A childrens museum can unite feelings and mind inactivities. Interactivity as a key principle of activity of a childrens museum provides interiorisation of external subject-practical operationsinto internal forms of thinking that leads to effective development of a childs personality.

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