Conceptual metaphor in the Russian language of the Soviet period (1917-1956)

The article is devoted to studying conceptual metaphors in the Russian language ofthe Soviet period (1917-1956). The theoretical basis of research is conceptual metaphor created by M. Johnson and J. Lakoff and developed bydomestic linguists A.N. Baranov, A.P. Chudinov, O.P. Yermakova. Issues of the newspaper Pravda (1917-1956) and I.V. Stalin's speech havebeen studied. The object of research is conceptual metaphor in the Russian language of the Soviet period, metaphor reflecting ideologies of theSoviet period. Five categories of conceptual metaphors topical at that period were identified: anthropomorphic, nature-morphic, socio-morphic,artefact, and spatial. Anthropomorphic metaphor is realized through metaphorical models of the USSR - FAMILY (there is a frame BloodRelations) and the SOVIET UNION - the HUMAN ORGANISM (frames Human organism, Physiological organs). There are metaphorsBUILDINGS and MECHANISM among the artefact metaphors of the Soviet period. Metaphorical model the SOVIET STATE - BUILDING isstructured in two frames Building construction and Construction, maintenance and destruction of building. The latter is more frequent andstructured (slots house building, maintenance of the house, its restructuring, destruction of houses, builders). One of the dominantmetaphors is MACHINE / MECHANISM represented by frames Machine, Mechanism, Machine/Mechanism details, Ship. The naturemorphicmetaphor is expressed by the metaphorical model PARTY/PEOPLES ACTIVITY - ACTIVITY OF ELEMENTS OF LIFELESSNATURE and its real implications. The frame slots Element (the elements of fire, the element of wind, the element of water) is significant:each of these elements resembles most important public events (the revolution, World War II, some soviet realities (socialist competition)). Themost frequent slot Elements of lifeless Nature - iron/steel - characterizes the party, its best representatives, and the Soviet people. This metaphoris the highest appraisal, all the best in the country is characterized by it. Spatial metaphor has only one metaphorical model STATESDEVELOPMENT - MOVEMENT ALONG THE ROAD (frames Purpose/ ways direction, The type of way, Obstacles on the way. Optionsmetaphors WAY/ ROAD are limited. It confirms the right choice of the basic idea and stable development of the state. The socio-morphicmetaphor is realized in the framework of the metaphorical model THE USSR - MILITARIZED SOCIETY (frames Organization of MilitaryService, Military action and armouring). The study of conceptual metaphors reflecting the ideologies of the Soviet period showed that themetaphorical system in the Russian language was established during the Soviet period. All the described metaphors as a part of the formal journalisticdiscourse have a strong pragmatic potential expressing the main ideas of the Soviet totalitarian state. They penetrate into such areas ofthe Soviet literature as oral oratorical speech and literature.

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