Museum network of Siberian region: processes of formation and adaptation

In this paper the formation and development of the museum network in the Siberian region is presentedin terms of adaptation to modernize social and economic conditions, social and cultural dynamics of the last third of the 19th - beginningof the 21st centuries. It is shown that during this period, it progressively developed and transformed, functioned as adaptive systems, determinedby the state and public needs and actions to enhance and preserve the historical and cultural heritage of Siberia. The beginning of the creating ofthe museum network in the region has been associated with the establishment of the Imperial Tomsk University (1878) and the organization inits core of teaching and science museums. At the end of the 19th century there are 16 public museums in Siberia. Since the middle of the 1920sSiberian museums are in the process of adaptation to the new socio-economic conditions. They become important cells of urban cultural environmentoperated within local history societies. In the post-war period from late 1940s to mid-1960s attempts to reform the museum activities inthe country did not affect its fundamental operations. By 1995, the number of museums in Siberia increased by 66.5% compared with 1990s.The main trends of the development of museums in Siberia coincided with the nation-wide trends in general during the second part of the 20thcentury. It is noted that museums organized in the last third of the 19th - beginning of the 21st centuries laid the foundation for the subsequentdevelopment of museum network in Siberia. They are a powerful tool of socio-cultural adaptation of the population in terms of active developmentof the region, a kind of intellectual and cultural centres, concentrated material (monuments, stock collection), spiritual (ways of formationand transmission of regional identity), integrative (adequate for the regional and international museum field) and adaptive potential. 1920 and1960 observed the development of museum networks in the areas of industrial development, particularly in the Kuzbass, Siberia autonomousregions and districts. The predominant role was played by institutionalised and normative-regulatory means of adaptation to the museums ofsocio-economic and ideological realities. In the subsequent period it was of great importance to diversify the museum network aimed at its expansionat the expense of public museums, the emergence of new types of museums Time Frame, the formation of academic museums. Withglobalisation, the adequate functioning of the museum network in the region, the departmental museum networks, and individual museums isprovided through the adaptation of information space (the Internet), integration into the regional socio-cultural space and the global museumcommunity.

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