The problem of ideological identity and the principle of freedom of conscience in the post-secular world

The article deals with the problem of worldview identityin the modern world and in the contradictory processes of globalisation, the solution of which gives some ideological basis of the conceptof fundamental human rights, including the principle of freedom of conscience. It is noted that the problem of ideological identitydoes not arise in a traditional society, and in modern liberal societies the collective identity is weakly expressed. The concept of identityis considered within the context of the post-secular society. It is focused that the feature of this society is not the perception of the secularisationprocess as an immutable law of its development. Features of a new reality become post-secularity and desecularisation. Inscientific community there is no consensus on the content of these concepts, there is only a tendency: the world post-secularity arises asa new space in which former rules of the modernist style do not operate any more and other norms are only formed. In these conditions,we arrive at the necessity of rethinking the philosophical basis of ideals of human rights and freedoms, especially of the question on theidentity of the modern person, as well as a closely related issue of priority of individual or group rights. Forecasts of development of anew reality and ideological substantiation of the constitutional principles of the modern liberal state (including the principle of freedomof conscience) in the conditions of post-secular world from the point of view of representatives of secular and religious outlook aremarked. The principal characteristics of the concept of ideological identity are determined and its types on various grounds differentiated: on the subject, on the degree of severity and intensity of ideological certainty, on the dominance of one sphere of consciousness (rationalor irrational) and other grounds. The existing international standards of freedom of conscience must correlate with cultural differencesand their irreducibility to a single legal denominator. It is concluded that the grounds for rethinking the concept of human rights and freedoms,including the principle of freedom of conscience, need the category of identity to be developed, which gives a holistic view of humannature and its place in the society. The productive tendency of the multi-aspect process of desecularization of the world is not the rejectionof the secular state or its degradation, but complication of ways of interaction of the state and group and individual identity. The main oppositionto process desecularization is not secularisation, but process of ideological globalisation containing danger of imposing unified worldoutlook values on people, often conflicting to the spiritual culture and world outlook identity of a concrete society. Some constructive anddestructive tendencies of influence of desecularization process on ideological identity are shown.

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