Formal signs of speech in norm and decompensation of mental pathology in stressful situation

In modern psycholinguistics the research of spontaneous speech is mostimportant and topical. The main problem and task is to develop a mechanism for the research of sounding material. Methods of studyingthe language, elaborated in the development of linguistics and having proved their effectiveness (structural methods), historically associatedwith the genesis and development of phonology, for a long time were inapplicable to the study of the supra-segmental level ofspeech. In this area the systematic approach is being formed. There is a large time gap between the research of segmental and suprasegmentallevels. The possibility of the systemic approach to the analysis of rhythmic and intonation parameters of spontaneous speechallows developing research methods of sounding material in the direction from formal signs to the characteristic style of the speech andemotional state of the speaker. Studies of speech become interdisciplinary. The speech of a person in a stressful situation is subjected tovarious changes which, first of all, are concerned with spontaneous speech (tempo, rhythm, pauses and errors). The subject of thisresearch is formal signs of spontaneous speech in a stressful situation. The main purpose of our experiment is the attempt to describeformal characteristics of speech in stressful situations in decompensation of psychopathy. These changes suggest that a psychopathicpersonality can be satisfactorily adapted in favourable conditions (compensation condition) and disadapted with a bright expressivenessof psychotic symptoms (often neurotic) in unfavourable conditions (decompensation condition). In the course of our experiment, wewere able to research and describe the changes of formal signs of speech in the speakers state of emotional tension (stress) on the basisof auditory analysis. As a stressful situation we consider criminal investigation in court. The obtained data demonstrate that in the stateof decompensation of psychopathy distinct changes in formal signs of speech are observed. Not just individual signs, but also their combinatoricsis most informative. It is mostly important in the improvement of linguistic analysis in forensic purposes. The experimentproves that the speakers have a set of means to express the degree of tension of emotional state. These means have a primary function inmarking speech in the process of perception. This mechanism of our research allows establishing the degree of tension in relation toeach speaker and drawing conclusions about spontaneous speech in Russian.

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