Soil cover heterogeneity of the Borodino national park: origin, development and study methods

The modern condition of soil cover in the Borodinonational park is defined by formation and development of several landscape types for the last 200 years: natural, residential, belligerent,historical and agricultural. The interaction of landscapes that are considerably differing in their characteristics over a long period of timedetermines specificity and uniqueness of soil cover in the Borodino national park. In whole, it is notable for large initial variety thoughall the soils are typical for the south taiga zone: these are podzolic, meadow and marshy soils. Determinative natural factors of its genesisare the soil forming rock properties, relief and ecological conditions of separate position environment. Transformation of reservelandscape structure that is a result of different reasons finds reflections in the soil cover. The powerful and lasting anthropogenic influenceon the biogeocenosis soil component leads to creation of various pedoturbogenic heterogeneities that differ in scale and age.Formed as a result of known events, the modern ecological condition diversity of soil forming, sometimes characterized by sharpchanges in space, defines high complexity and contrast of the natural park soil cover. The replacement of soil variety and soil types canbe observed even at a distance of several meters. The available profile diversity of the Borodino national park soil cover is the result of acomplex natural and anthropogenic influence on the soil. Heterogeneities of different origins complicate the study of the natural parksoil cover considerably and require special methods and approach use that differ from the object of usual cartography. First of all,methods of the studied territory field inspection should be mentioned. Depending on goals and specific objects of the study the followingshould be recommended: 1 - area testing with the help of a net with a given cell size; 2 - laying of soil transects (the lines of testing)with a fixed testing step, transects can be parallel or mutually perpendicular for a more complete coverage of the investigated territory;3 - laying of soil trenches for detailed elaboration and specification of the studied object structure characteristics. Comparative studyingof soil metamorphosis in the conditions of different ecosystems of the Borodino reserve gives an opportunity to single out the anthropogeniccomponent in soil development and transformation, to estimate the role of different genesis and scale heterogeneities in their modernevolution and change of natural environment in whole in high share of probability.

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