Composition and Ways of Nomination of Traditional Khakass Clothes

The article describes formal and substantial ways of naming traditional clothes in theKhakass language attracting some facts from other related languages. The lexical group items of the traditional Khakass clothing formedmainly as a result of word-formative processes (morphological, syntactic) in Khakass itself; it also partially contains borrowings fromother related and non-related languages. To denote the general concept of clothing there are composites of two subgeneric names kipazah- clothes, a smaller range of the idea of generalization is expressed by the binomials of the composition type, the components ofwhich act as synonymous (majmah - odik boots) in relation to each other. Subordinated compound words are quite often used to denotetraditional clothes. Their components are not equal: one serves as the principal term with respect to the second dependent on it: ahporik, tuup majmah, haralthan ton. All these phenomena are quite spread in the Altai languages. There is one general notional relationin the core of semantics of compound terms denoting traditional clothing. This relation can be represented as the ratio of the general tothe particular, more abstract to more concrete, generic to specific. Assigning the word material to thematic groups, in which words arecombined on the basis of common generic meanings, makes it possible to identify another feature of the logical nature of the relation inthe development of the semantics of the specific to the generic, i.e. use of the name, which in one language is used in referring to thespecific, in another - in the role of the generic, and sometimes - in both meanings, for example, the word ton (dress, clothes) in theTurkic languages is used in a more particular (a dress, a fur coat) and more general (clothing, outerwear) senses. Grouping by lexicalseries enables identifying borrowings, as after determining the volume of the analyzed reservoir of the vocabulary it is possible to examinethe parallels in cognate languages, to evaluate comprehensively their relations and determine the vocabulary and cultural-historicalrelations in contact languages and peoples. The analysis of the sources of borrowings in the vocabulary of clothing and jewellery of theKhakass language can distinguish the following layers of borrowings: from the Mongolian, Chinese, Arabic and Russian languages.There is often realized a feature pointing at the material production from the standpoint of the principles of the nomination in the namesof traditional clothing of Khakasses, to a lesser extent - the feature pointing at the method of manufacture, and even more rarely thefunctional feature is observed - designation of clothes for a certain part of body, shape and colour of clothing.

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