Investigative theory as element of informative model of investigation of a crime

Construction of new methods of detection and investigation of a crime is accompanied by the analysis ofcontent and value of the already existing methods, proposed as cognitive models, investigative theories. The author attempts to reviewquestions of investigative theory from its correlation with other suggested investigative models. The author notes that conceptual andmaterial models should not be opposed to each other: to build a material model it is necessary to abstract from secondary features of areal object, in other words to execute conceptual modeling. Considering that modeling is the process of research, in our opinion, thedifference between conceptual and material models consists in the mode of its inclusion in that process: the former is included notionally,the latter one - visually. The investigatory version is defined as a mental model and compared, first of all, with a material model.The division of models into mental and material, in our opinion, is not an opposition of one model and the other: to construct a materialmodel, it is necessary to first abstract from minor signs of a real object, i.e. to carry out, as a matter of fact, mental modeling. So, thedistinction between mental and material models, in our opinion, is that the first enters the research process speculatively, the second one- sensorily, visually evidently. Examining the role of criminalistic description of a crime in modeling of crime investigation, the authorcomes to a conclusion that it is not limited to the role of the theoretical basis of the investigative theory. Criminalistic description of acrime in the beginning of case investigation is a means of criminalistic analysis of causative-consecutive links between the elements of acriminal action, which received its reflection in material and ideal traces. We should obviously speak about information modeling ofcrime investigation as about the process that involves various interconnected models: criminalistic description of a crime, investigativelead and investigative situation. The scientific positions of the information model of investigation were reflected in such categories ascriminalistic crime description and criminalistic investigation description, which entirely correspond with the two classes of modelssome authors allocate - models of a crime and investigation models.

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