The peculiarities of young female gymnasts physical fitness in modern rhythmic gymnastics

It is known that the level of motor capabilities directly influencesthe sports-and-technical achievements in the selected kinds of sports. The higher the level of their development is, the faster andmore qualitative the physical actions learning process proceeds, and the higher the sports result is. The system of physical fitness foryoung female gymnasts has not been created so far since there is no scientific justification of the upcoming activity. The dynamics ofphysical fitness training load has not been identified in terms of the gymnasts age. The key factors for physical fitness of gymnasts inthe aspect of age, etc have not been set. The objective of the research was to identify the peculiarities of female gymnasts physical fitnesswith regard to their age. The following methods were applied: testing the physical fitness of female gymnasts by 19 tests, mathematicalstatistics methods, as well as the factor analysis by the principal-factor method with their further rotation under varimax technique.Upon carrying out the calculations associated with the determination of key factors for physical fitness of female gymnasts of theage of 5-10, the results were obtained that proved that the factor structure of the physical fitness of young female gymnasts has certainage-related peculiarities, with this structure being varied. The structure has the so-called drift. For example, at the initial stage of trainingin modern rhythmic gymnastics the priority in physical fitness is assigned to spring ability, followed by intermuscular coordinationand mobility of hip, shoulder joints and lumbus flexibility. The structure of physical fitness changes at the age of 6. The priority is givento the development of mobility in hip joints and lumbus flexibility, which is followed by spring ability on left and right legs, mobility inshoulder joints and static power endurance of back muscles. Based on the identified leading factors of physical fitness, a training programhas been formulated for young gymnasts. It takes into account the priority of certain physical qualities in the age aspect, takinginto account the application of teaching influences, adequate specificity of the developed quality and future activities. The obtained resultsallow controlling the training process in a scientifically justified way.

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