Verbal synlexes in Russian linguistics and interpretation of verbal synlexis as a specificstratum of nominative composite units

Theauthor of the article systematizes different points of view on the so-called verbal synlexes - morphologically composite, stable nominativeunits of language; functional-semantic equivalents of the verbs. The term «synlex» is contrived by Professor G.I. Klimovskaya andreflects the main feature of these combinations - co-functioning lexes inside new integral nominative unit. For the first time the unitslike verbal synlexes were fixed in Historical Grammar of the Russian language by F.I. Buslayev, where they were named descriptiveexpressions. Regarding status of these units in the system of language there is a set of opinions: they are a peripheral zone of phraseology,specific syntactical constructions, grammatical units or even free (separate) collocations with stable models of forming. The articlealso generalizes the features of the units like verbal synlexes that were marked out by different scholars: 1. semantic modification of theverbal component and removal meaning centre to the noun component; 2. possibility to characterize action in detail thanks to the socalledinner container; 3. possibility to fill up the defective grammatical paradigm of the verbs (the category of the aspect and the wayof action) et cetera. We interpret verbal synlexes as a separate stratum of the nominative structure of language, the analytic words (theterm was borrowed from the works by Z.N. Levit) and separate them from the nominative composite units of other types: phraseologicalunits and so-called conlexes (the turns of speech and the units of belles-lettres). There are several criteria of this classification: functionaland stylistic (verbal synlexes merely realize the nominative function; turns of speech name concepts that are valuable for this culturalcommunity; units of belles-lettres name fragments of literary reality; phraseological units appraise standard situations of life); semantic(semantic characteristics of verbal synlexes are above; phraseological units have metaphorical meanings; meanings of the turnsof speech and units of belles-lettres also include figurative charge); - the criterion of functional style (verbal synlexes are not tied toany functional style; turns of speech are used in publicistic texts and texts about art; units of belles-lettres are formed and used in literarytexts; phraseological units are used in literary speech, publicistic and literary styles). We evolve the idea about the complicated structureof the verbal meaning that includes future actant positions of the verb, a convolute situation of reality outside language (N.B. Lebedevanames the complex of situations linked with these unit situatema). It is arguable that the mechanism of verbal synlexes forming isidiomatization of the free collocations - syntactical units, reduction of valency potentials of verbal component. As a result, the combinationbegins to function as an integral unit of nomination; the semantic, syntactical and other changes take place in it.

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