Space category in the dynamics of culture

The article is devotedto the study of the space category in the aspect of comparative linguistics with boundary links to the history of culture and mythology.The aim is to describe the philosophical category of space through the mythological world model and the linguistic worldviewin English, Bashkir and Russian languages. The category of space is one of the most complicated philosophical characteristics of being.It was always considered to be the base of the world and played the major role in the life of people. The idea of space first appeared inmyths. In the antiquity it was looked upon as a genetic beginning of the world. Contemporary science defines space through the fieldstudy, through the systems of relations and the substance theory. The history of language shows that the process of forming the spacecategory took place in connection with the idea of time. But in a language the differentiation of space appeared earlier than the notion oftime and was expressed mostly by the same words as space. Space-time perception in myths is very close to the relative physics judgmentwhilst in classical physics space and time are considered separately. Thus, there can be made a conclusion that the ontogeneticperception of the world by a human being was preserved in the mythological semiotics. Science today is interested not only in the plotsof myths. The structural aspects of mythology are topical in philosophy, history, linguistics, etc. The representation of the mythologicalreflections on space and time in the linguistic picture of the world in the aspect of the history of culture makes it possible to considermythological, historical, archaeological, ethnographic data from the view point of their preservation in the language vocabulary. In thedynamic system of culture the main values are ideal, not material ones, only them being able to provide the conservation of information.The history of words and their meanings are true witnesses of human history and culture. In the beginning of the 20th century there appearedthe idea of universal tendencies in the world culture development, the idea of the languages interaction in the geographicallyunlimited space. These hypotheses are rather topical nowadays as they make it possible to find definite relations on some other paradigmaticlevels. Comparative study of different worldviews and models gives an opportunity to find similarities in the spheres previouslyunapproachable. The main structural components of the universal symbolic space model - sky, earth, water, air, wind, mountain, etc. are analysed. As a means for culture analysis and interpretation of language representations for space notions the method of morphologywas employed. The research is interesting not only theoretically, but practically as well. Contemporary science is paying more attentionto myths as a rather important factor of cultural and moral code. Such papers may have definite humanistic value.

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