Reversals and excursions of geomagnetic field: geophysical factors of speciation
Being under wide discussion, speciation is now supposed to be driven by rare events that happen in the environment.Comparing the ages of the known evolutionary events of humans and fauna with dates of some excursions and reversals of thegeomagnetic field (GMF), we revealed their simultaneity. To see if it is possible to attribute the life evolution to the effect of theGMF excursions and reversals on biota we discuss the factors developing during these events. Known to occur in the conditions oflowered GMF intensity the GMF excursions and reversals are accompanied by the increase of cosmic rays (CR) particles flux enteringthe atmosphere. CR particles ionise the atmosphere atoms resulting in the increase of radiation level at the Earth surface. By ourevaluations and by use of reference data we argue that the Earth atmosphere density is not high enough to shield the Earth surfacefrom exposure to the CR particles during GMF excursions and reversals when under GMF intensity lowering by ten times the densityof the CR flux increases on six orders inducing the rise of radiation level on three orders, which is a significant impact on biologicobjects. Climate change accompanying the GMF excursions and reversals is the next factor. Relations between excursions andclimate remain unsolved, because climate cooling and warming are recorded. As we revealed earlier, the type of the climate changeaccompanying the excursion is determined by the atmosphere optic properties before the excursion and either climate cooling orwarming may occur. The duration of GMF lowering intensity period related to the excursion is a substantial factor. It is about 50thousand years when the field intensity is low for Blake excursion. Considering the negative influence of this factor in view of itscontribution to the radiation level increase it is necessary to take into account the data on radio-protective effect of hypogeomagneticfield on biologic objects. Thus, the GMF excursions and reversals features affecting biota are the duration of GMFlowering intensity period, a sizeable increase of radiation level and climate change. It seems evident that synchronism of the factorslisted above, operating during the GMF excursions and reversals, is dominant when considering the correlation between speciationand GMF excursions and reversals.
Keywords
геомагнитное поле,
экскурс,
инверсия,
видообразование,
geomagnetic field,
excursion,
reversal,
speciationAuthors
| Kuznetsova Natalia D. | A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS (Novosibirsk) | paratundra@mail.ru |
| Kuznetsov Vladimir V. | A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS (Novosibirsk) | ikir@academ.org |
Всего: 2
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