Kemerovo region surface water pollution analysis (by example of the river Tom)

The last years all the water bodies suffer from the increasinghuman impact. It is connected with the rapid growth of cities and industrial plants production, which exert an impact upon the surfacewater by pouring heated and polluted water into the water bodies. The significance of the human impact on ecological state determinationof different kinds of water bodies is different. The industrial pollution sources play the main role for the river Tom. They are situatedin Kemerovo region near big towns. But lately such factors as vehicles, garages, littered and polluted areas are more common. Inthis work Kemerovo region surface water pollution main features are examined by example of the Tom River (during 2006-2010). Themain contaminants are oil products; phenol; nitrogen, iron, zinc and copper compounds; chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygendemand. The main materials for the research were taken from the observation data of the hydrological and hydrochemical conditionof Kemerovo region water bodies. The Kemerovo Region Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Centre prepared thesematerials during 2006-2010. Only one water body - the Tom River - is considered in this work. It concludes 5 points of observations(Luzhba settlement, Mezhdurechensk, Novokuznetsk, urban-type village Krapivinskiy, Kemerovo) and 11 water control points. Thelength of the Tom River in this section is 450 km. The following conclusions can be made after the data analysis of the contaminantsconcentration in the river Tom for the given period: 1. The highest concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, biochemicaloxygen demand, petrochemical products, phenol, and chemical oxygen demand were registered 30 km below Novokuznetsk. It is connectedwith the big amount of Novokuznetsk sewage waters. There are many different plants here - from ferrous and nonferrous metallurgyindustry to thermal power plants. 2. In 2010 the most polluted was the water control point behind Novokuznetsk, where the waterpollution index was 4.08 (dirty water). 3. The highest concentrations of ferrum and zinc were marked in the control points ofKrapivinskiy and near Kemerovo. 4. Integrally, the water control points in the area of Kemerovo and Mezhdurechensk are less polluted.It is because of the contaminants dilute in the water and their concentration decrease, because the water discharge in the Tom River increasesfrom 630 m3/day near Novokuznetsk to 1 100 m3/day near Kemerovo. And in the case of Mezhdurechensk such a situation isconnected with the absence of a big load on the water body. Mezhdurechensk is situated upstream and all the other polluted towns andplants are located downstream.

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