Transcendental economics by Immanuel Kant: free balance of sensual supply and rational demand

The article refers to the fundamentalsignificance of transcendental philosophy of Immanuel Kant for the formation of economic paradigms of the modern epoch. Havingincluded into the subject the idea of free expediency with the rights of a special principle Kant designed it as an autonomous method ofbalancing the real object and the ideal concept. Autonomy of the transcendental balancing on the ontological level settled conditions ofthe total economisation of the subject and world relations, providing a basis for the development of the Western liberal economy.Although, so far the situation was different. During the previous centuries, the economic practice of human activity was a privateprojection of worldviews based on exclusivity either of natural cosmic or divine laws. Only in the era of anthropocentric modern timesafter disappearance of the sacred, both natural and divine initiatives, supply and demand are focused on the autonomous subject, whichsymbolizes their balance in the function of capital. The ontological top of this focus is revealed in Kants doctrine of freedom, whichcontent is a balance of a rational demand and sensory suggestions. The structural summit of transcendental philosophy of Kant becameestimation, as a comprehensive attitude of subject to object. In accordance with the three fundamental areas of the subject - aestheticsensibility, logical mind and moral intellect - the estimating activity appears in three basic entities: aesthetic, logical and moral.Aesthetic assessment is a sensual effect of causality, where a sensibly objective subject totally completely and unconditionally definesthe concept being estimated as a subject. In contrast to the aesthetic evaluation, logical estimation has an objective character. Thisassessment appeals to necessary general bases, which guarantee objectivity in the total reliability of the concepts. Along with these twoones, there is another causality of a free expediency. With regards to freedom, the mind, by ignoring both the objectivity of the objectand the objectivity of the concept, put itself in a subjective, immanent centre of balance between them. Thus, Kant distinguishes threetypes of causality: physical - significant for sensuality; conceptual - significant for the mind, and free - for the practical reason. Inaccordance with these types of causality, the philosophy of Kant developed into three fundamental economic schemes: 1) sensualeconomics where the production of real goods (supply) determines the consumption and the whole order of assessment (demand), 2)rational economics, where speculative demand and its axiology produces the whole supply, and 3) free economics, where demand andsupply equitably determine each other, reaching mutual balance, which Kant understands as freedom. The German thinker considers thetranscendental structure of a new human balancing himself relatively to the autonomous item existing in the form of the idea of freedom.

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