Tomsk scientific and pedagogical community in 1930th: sociopolitical evolution

Thearticle describes the problems of mutual relations of representatives of scientific and pedagogical intelligentsia and the Soviet power inthe 1930s. It was a critical stage both for most domestic intellectuals and for all the Soviet society: the question of the physical survivalof the scientific community members and ways of the further development of scientific knowledge and higher education system wassolved. By example of Tomsk features of processes of fitting the intellectual stratum in the system of the new Soviet society areanalysed. On the basis of destinies of some representatives of Physics various models of forming of relations and interaction with theSoviet state and its practice in science and higher education spheres are reconstructed. The main feature of the considered period is thatthe practice of mutual relations of the power and the intellectual elite became more and more complicated. On the one hand, directreprisals took place, on the other - a considerable part of intellectuals organically occurred in the structure of the Soviet society. Anotherkey aspect of the given problem is that the form of the pressure the Party and the governments laid changed slightly: the politicalcampaigns objectively directed against the intelligentsia took the form of ideological discussions with a considerable part of thescientific and pedagogical community participating. An equally important factor was the conditions given by the authorities torepresentatives of the priority fields of knowledge: the institutional approval of scientific directions, social status, access to materialbenefits, etc. As a result, during the 1930s it is possible to track two main tendencies characterizing the given period: the finalsuppression of scientists objectionable to the authorities and gradual adaptation of the other part of scientific and pedagogicalcommunity in the new social structure. Thus, the given period may be identified as the time of institutionalisation of the new Sovietscience (both literally and metaphorically). The latter tendency led to a certain integration of a part of the scientific elite (first of al - inPhysics) in the power institutes of the transformed Soviet society. Tomsk scientific and pedagogical community, with certain regionalcharacter, reflected the form and content of the contemporary political and social processes.

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