Evolution of the soviet telegraph equipment in the postwar period

The main task of the post-war five-year plans in the telegraph communication was the rapid recovery andupgrading telegraph based on the latest technical achievements. Among the first directions of modernization of the Soviet telegraphywas the introduction of voice-frequency telegraph systems. It was a way to transfer electrical signals to the telegraph lines ofcommunication with the use of alternating currents. The development of voice-frequency telegraph led to a significant increase in thenumber of cheap telegraph channels. Implementation of the direct-printing start-stop apparatus simplified the telegraph process anddevice services greatly. Both these factors set stage for the organization and development of the subscriber telegraph network in Siberiaand across the country, eliminating the need for the telegram transit. New conditions for the development of telegraph communicationdetermined the direction of further improvement of the telegraph apparatus. Using the voice-frequency telegraph provided anopportunity for high maneuverability and greater flexibility in the organization of telegraph communication. The historically formedmultisystem of telegraphic apparatus prevented the full use of this opportunity. After the war telegraph equipment developmentproceeded in the direction of elaboration of automated devices, on the one hand, and small roll and tape devices with a standard wheel,on the other. The continuous growth of the telegraph exchange during this period demanded research of new and better ways to improvethe efficiency of telegraphy without increasing the number of maintenance workers. The solution of this problem was found in theapplication of the automation of production processes of telegrams handling, which increased the labour productivity of telegraphoperators sharply. The latest achievements of telegraphy at that time were due mainly to radio engineering and electronics. Thecontemporary modern science gradually set the theoretical generalization of communication achievements - telegraph, telephone,phototelegraphy, radio and television. Based on these generalizations a new science appeared - the theory of information transfer(cybernetics). At the same time the oldest means of telecommunication - telegraphy - increasingly lost its isolation. The use of commoncommunication lines for transmission of telegrams, telephone calls, phototelegram transfer, radio and television broadcasting led to theformation of telecommunication devices common to all types. Development of subscriber telegraphy along with telephony, creatingvideophones and phone recorders gave the prospect of further mergers of telecommunications into a single hardware solution.

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