Mire geosystem classification of Tomsk region

Mires are unique natural landscapes, participating in the maintenanceof atmospheric gas composition, the water balance of the biosphere, reserves of peat, and biological diversity on the Earth. The complexstructure of mire is of interest to representatives of many disciplines - phytocenology, landscape science, hydrology, geology, peatscience, forestry, soil science and others. During the study of mire from different points of view several areas of study wetlands werehighlighted - geological, hydrological, botanical and geographical. It should be noted that in each set of studies mires classification isdesigned, based on both the allocation of the individual components of mire geosystems and their combinations, but not all of them fullydisclose the variety of mires as complex natural systems. Despite the great practical and theoretical significance, the complex landscapeclassifications of bogs in Tomsk region are virtually absent. By example of Tomsk region the author proposed a classification of miregeosystems, based on the principle of the two-line classification of V.B. Sochava. The basic unit of landscape mire classification ofTomsk region is a landscape facies as an elementary geomeasure union subordinated to a higher rank geomeasure. In developing theclassification the principle from the bottom was used when taxonomic units of the lowest rank combined in groups of a higherhierarchical level. In this work landscape facies were combined into groups of facies by the similarity of vegetation layers. Groups offacies form facies classes according to their water and mineral nutrition. All facies prone to waterlogging are combined into geom. Thehighest unit of the classification is a geom subgroup. This principle is consistent with the classification of mire microlandscapes byK.E. Ivanov. In contrast to the classification of microlandscapes the author accounted for vegetation, meso- (interfluve, terrace,floodplain) and microrelief, the soil cover. The microrelief has a significant impact on the species distribution of vegetation withinthe mire facies, and therefore the classification of the latter must be taken into account along with some forms of mesorelief as oneof the characteristics of the landscape lithogenic basis. At the same time both qualitative and quantitative indicators of themicrorelief must be considered. The criterion of facies classification into groups and classes corresponds to the principle ofclassification by K.E. Ivanov (vegetation cover, type of water and mineral nutrients). In addition to the actual mire, the author'sclassification includes wetlands and forest facies prone to bog. As an illustration, the author presents a classification of facies of thesouthern taiga subwooded bog of Vasyugan geom subgroup by example of a poorly drained and undrained mire geom. Totally13 groups were allocated, united into 5 classes of facies. The proposed classification allows landscape mapping of the wetlands ofthe southeast of the West Siberian Plain. The smallest mapping unit to produce large-scale maps is geomeasure rank facies, formedium-scale maps it is a group of facies. Geomeasure properties, patterns of development and stability are determined by theirposition within the geochora of the regional level, which are allocated according to the zonal and azonal features of the landscapeareas. Thus, the most stable are the mire facies of middle and southern taiga of provinces, where in the development of thegeographic cover favourable conditions for mire-forming processes were created.

Keywords

Authors

References