On formation and development of genetics as theoretical basis of zootechnical science

The basic landmarks of its formation beginning fromopening of laws on the inheritance of separate signs of G.Mendel and concluding its differentiation in the series of independent sciencesand directions were generalized. The author has shown the wide use of basic conformities of immunogenetics, cytogenetics and geneticsof populations in the decision of topical problems of stock-raising. Introduction of methods of population genetics, offered by S. Wrate,G. Holdeyn, R. Fisher, S. Chetverikov, G. Hardy, V. Vaynberg, O. Garkavi, L. Ernst, V. Chemm, F. Eysner and other scientists, enablesto study conformities in the law of changes of the inherited information in the groups of individuals, incorporated in some geneticcommunities and specific terms of existence; to get a clear idea of reasons causing difference between animals; to compare influence ofdifferent systems of selection and methods of breeding on the genetic structure of breeds. Discoveries in the field of immunogenetics,accomplished by Erikh, Morgenrot, Ferguson, Stormont, Irvin, provide control of real origin of animals, study the conformities to law ofmotion of the inherited information, estimation of genetic differentiation and consolidation of breeds. Maintenance of purity ofpopulation and breeds by means of exposure and elimination of transmitters of chromosomal anomalies and development of cytogeneticplant-breeding criteria for selection and estimation of pedigree animals are the basic aspects of the use of citogenetic approaches instock-raising, offered by N. Tomilina, V. Suslina, A. Nezavitin, S. Kulikova, P. Klenovickiy, T. Kiseleva, G. Isakova, N. Il'inskikh,A. Zhigachev, A. Grafodatskikh, V. Glazko, V. Kachura, A. Meleshko. Application of genetic methods is also instrumental in thedecision of global problem of maintainance of gene pool of breeds of agricultural animals. Basic preconditions of introduction of geneticmonitoring as an effective reception of increase of potential of the productivity of agricultural animals were expounded.

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