Criteria distinguishing civil law from related branches of law

Civil law regulates property relations. As such relations make the subject of otherbranches of law, civil law experts specify the case: property independence of their subjects; property administrative independence ofparticipants of property relations; isolation of property in turn; equality of participants of property relations regulated by civil law;mutually estimated character of public relations making the subject of civil law. Instructions on property character of public relations isnot enough for distinguishing civil law from a number of other branches, for example, labour, social security, agrarian, land rights, etc.So, labour relations include property relations connected with payment, guarantees and indemnifications, compensation of harm causedto the subject of labour law in the structure. However, labour relations are also regulated by civil law: turnkey contract, performance ofresearch, developmental and technological works, remunerated rendering of services. According to Article 780 of the Civil Code of theRussian Federation the executor usually ''is obliged to render services personally'', i.e. to perform certain work on the instructions of thecustomer. Labour relations arise between the executor and the customer who is carrying out the contract for research, developmental andtechnological works (Chapter 38 of the Civil Code the Russian Federation). ''Under the turnkey contract one party (contractor)undertakes to execute certain work on the instructions of the other party (customer)'' (Article 702 of the Civil Code the RussianFederation). Therefore, there is a problem of differentiation of subjects of labour and civil law. Labour relations, as well as relationsmaking up the subject of civil law, do not properly perform the role of the backbone factor at allocation of branch of law in the systemof domestic law. Domestic law should be analysed as a system. As any social system it consists of separate elements - branches. In thetheory of law the following main (traditional) branches are distinguished - state, administrative, civil and criminal laws. Other basicbranches are administrative procedure, criminal procedure law and special branches generated on the basis of the traditional ones - thelabour, family, financial, and land laws. The system of law also includes complex, specialised and integrated branches. Differentiationof law into branches is carried out by means of two backbone factors - subject and a method of legal regulation.

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