Borders of sensually perceived world and transgression in I. Kant's doctrine

Kant begins the research of problems of metaphysics with revealingthe borders of our theoretical knowledge - the knowledge based on application of mind to sensual contemplations and giving usrepresentation about subjects of our experience or about the sensually perceived world. It, in essence, is a unique positive sphere of ahuman being - the sphere of the present. Everything outside this sphere - in relation to the person and his/her being - is only negative.Kant emphasizes the ontological inevitability and the necessity of presence of negativity, for it is the condition of positivity as it outlinesthe borders of any concreteness and any possible knowledge of concreteness. The super-sensual world in Kant's doctrine is preserved,however, it loses any positive definiteness, there is empty space, emptiness, nothing. As ideas have the form of rational concepts, theyare inverted to our world (at least, it is form) but as their contents is not anything positive (any experience by it does not correspond),they are inverted to outside. Ideas are concept plus nothing. They put us on border, but do not provide an exit for the limits of the border.In the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Practical Reason two various spheres of being are investigated, which can beconditionally designated as Nature and Freedom. However, the merit of Kant is not only in the careful analysis of these spheres, but alsoin revealing their points of intersection, special zones, in which both spheres converge, imposed against each other, pass through eachother. The first sphere is represented by a series of the conditioned set for the infinity, which finds the border only in something beyondits limits and not represented as unconditional there. If now to replace the perspective we, together with Kant, will find out, that thesubject reality crosses with the otherworldly: the series of the conditioned displays a paradoxical zone of spontaneous self-generation,self-beginning, denying this series, but thus not destroying it. The subject reality becomes a clarified non-subject reality, escaping anyfixing. On the other hand, the non-subject reality could only be shown on the basis of the subject reality, only crossing its sphere. Thepoint of convergence of both the spheres and their perspectives by Kant is the person as the real belonging to both the spheres. Thus,banning borders trespassing Kant opened an opportunity for its transgression and himself realised this opportunity by showing themobility of borders of different spheres of being. However, Kant presents this essentially non-metaphysical tendency only implicitly.Explicitly, Kant aspires to stay within the transcendent despite all and to keep the metaphysical form even after its content is gone.Therefore, Kant's philosophy comes to a conclusion that the otherworldly is nothing, an empty place. In positivism this nothing will berejected; in existentialism it will make the basis of the ''New metaphysics''. Bases of this metaphysics are laid by Kant.

Keywords

Authors

References