Organizational and legal formalization of Soviet system of postgraduate study: main stages and features

Organizational and legal formalization of postgraduate study in the Soviet Union took severalsteps. Since the foundation of postgraduate study in 1925 and early 1930s the principles of work of this institution of training ofscientific and scientific-pedagogical brainpower were still poorly defined and slightly prescribed by law. The period of activeinstitutional formalization of postgraduate study began in the 1930s. The Central Executive Committee Regulation of the USSR ofSeptember 19, 1932 ''On the Training Programs and Routine in Higher School and Technical Schools'', the government regulation ''Onthe Teaching Staff and Researchers'' of January 13, 1934 and the first Soviet ''Regulations on Postgraduate Study'' of March 31, 1939became the main documents that determined the further development of the system of training of scientific and scientific-pedagogicalbrainpower through postgraduate study. These documents fixed the organizational and legal principles of postgraduate study (theconditions of entrance, graduation, principles of study, etc.). By the end of this period, the basic principles of work of postgraduate studywere formed. For several years work in this direction was interrupted by the Great Patriotic War. In the first postwar decade theextensive work on the development and institutionalization of the principles of postgraduate study was done, which had become thebasis for further development of this institution in our country. An important milestone in 1956 was the introduction of rules on themandatory publication of the research results by postgraduate students before the thesis defense, which was fixed in the new"Regulations on Postgraduate Study" of November 17, 1957. Later during the 1960-1980s the organizational and legal principles ofpostgraduate study were only partially changed and improved. All in all, in the postwar period, five ''Regulations'' (1950, 1957, 1962,1980, 1987) were adopted governing the training of scientific and pedagogical brainpower through postgraduate study.

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