International law of emergency situations as new branch of international law

Acts of nature, technogenic disasters occur with a certainperiodicity in this or that point of our planet. It happens for different reasons: influence of the anthropogenous factor on environment,growth of population, infringement or absence of norms of building and technological safety, cyclic growth and recession of quantity ofnatural disasters, etc. These and many other reasons push the states to creation of systems of safety, systems of reaction to possible risksof various character. There is such a need within the international relations. Many countries have gradually generated the internalmechanism of management of disasters of natural and technogenic character. Scientific and technical achievements have played agreater role in this sphere. Use of scientific and technical achievements and exchange of experience of use are now one of the directionsof cooperation of the states in the sphere of protection against various accidents. However, despite the presence of national systems ofemergency management, the world faces the problem of the suffered state unable to cope with the consequences of disastersindependently. During the 20th century the states generated the basic legal and organizational international mechanisms of interaction inthe sphere of decreasing disasters of natural and technogenic character. The latest events in Japan in 2011 once again emphasize theimportance of cooperation, the necessity of further development by the states of mechanisms of reaction to disasters of natural,technogenic and mixed character. The numerous examples of practice of the states and international organizations in activity in thesphere of disasters decrease testify to the formation of an independent branch of international law of emergency situations. Within thebranch ''international law of emergencies'' it is correct to consider both of the specified above objects of legal regulation as now therealready exists a legal mechanism that can be applied equally to anyone; and the interdependence of such objects concerning the possiblerisks is great. In fact, an act of nature can become a result of a technogenic disaster. The criteria confirming the opportunity of definitionof a new branch of international law are the subject and the object of legal regulation, the sources and special attributes. Theirdescription within the analysed interstate relations allows to ascertain gradual formation and development of the independent branchhaving the features and differences from other elements of the international legal system.

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